Referees
Fouls
Fouls Definition: 32.1.1 A foul is a infraction of the rules concerning illegal personal contact with an opponent and/or unsportsmanlike behaviour.
Contact: General principles
33.1 Cylinder principle
The cylinder principle is defined as the space within an imaginary cylinder occupied by a player on the floor. It includes the space above the player and is limited to:
- The front by the palms of the hands
- The rear by the buttocks, and
- The sides by the outer edge of the arms and legs.
The hand and arms maybe extended in front of the torso no further than the position of the feet, with the arms bent at the elbows so that the forearms and hands are raised. The distance between his feet will vary according to his height.
33.2 Principle of verticality
During the game, each player has the right to occupy any position (cylinder) on the playing court not already occupied by an opponent.
This principle protects the space on the floor which he occupies and the space above him when he jumps vertically with that space.
As soon as the player leaves his vertical position (cylinder) and body contact occurs with an opponent who had already established his own vertical position (clyinder0, the player who left his vertical position (cylinder) is responsible for the contact.
The defensive player must not be penalized for leaving the floor vertically (within his cylinder) or having his hands and arms extended above him within his own cylinder.
The offensive player, whither on the floor or airborne, shall not cause contact with the defensive player in a legal guarding position by:
-Using his arms to create more space for himself (pushing off),
-Spreading his legal or arms to cause contact during or immediately after a shot for a goal